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来源：朱明之关于建筑

国内某光伏电厂利用冷弯薄壁型钢做光伏支架的案例

目前市面上能见到的分布式光伏产业、大装机量集中光伏+储能电厂、水上光伏等常见业态，通过各个国家的实际应用案例，均可以展现出冷弯型钢的优势—生产效率高、施工速度快。

第一部分分布式光伏

分布式光伏发电指采用光伏组件，将太阳能直接转换为电能的分布式发电系统。它是一种新型的、具有广阔发展前景的发电和能源综合利用方式，它倡导就近发电，就近并网，就近转换，就近使用的原则，不仅能够有效提高同等规模光伏电站的发电量，同时还有效解决了电力在升压及长途运输中的损耗问题。

目前应用最为广泛的分布式光伏发电系统，是建在城市建筑物屋顶的光伏发电项目。该类项目必须接入公共电网，与公共电网一起为附近的用户供电。

第二部分光伏+储能电厂

在大装机量的光伏电厂，由于光照是随时变化的，因此光伏面板的输出电量由光照强度的大小决定，从而造成光伏电站的输出电量也是波动的。大规模光伏电站并网之后，这种波动会造成电网电压、电流和频率的波动，影响电网的电能质量。目前储能电池组就能很好地解决这个问题。根据新闻报道，特斯拉和Fluence为澳大利亚维多利亚州提供首批两个大型并网储能电池组，其中一个电池组将并入一座现有太阳能电站。

第三部分水上光伏

除了建在陆地上，还可以利用水面

水上漂浮式就是最水上光伏电站的基本形式。在很多国家，日本、印度、韩国、新加坡、英国、挪威、美国、巴西、澳洲等均有成熟应用，特别是日本，这种形式得到广泛利用，日本土地资源有限，于是充分开发水上资源，他们的水上光伏技术经过了很多实践完善，值得我们借鉴。

直接去和南水北调指挥部谈：我给你减少至少一半的蒸发损失，你把水面使用权给我用……

Cold-formed steel is widely used in buildings, automobiles, equipment, home and office furniture, utility poles, storage racks, grain bins, highway products, drainage facilities, and bridges. Its popularity can be attributed to ease of mass production and prefabrication, uniform quality, lightweight designs, economy in transportation and handling, and quick and simple erection or installation.

冷弯型钢广泛应用于建筑、汽车、设备、家庭办公家具、电线杆、仓储货架、粮仓、公路产品、排水设施、桥梁等。它的普及可以归因于易于大规模生产和预制，统一的质量，轻量化的设计，运输和装卸的经济，快速和简单的组合或安装。

In building construction, cold-formed steel products can be classified into three categories: members, panels, and prefabricated assemblies. Typical cold-formed steel members such as studs, track, purlins, girts and angles are mainly used for carrying loads while panels and decks constitute useful surfaces such as floors, roofs and walls, in addition to resisting in-plane and out-of-plane surface loads. Prefabricated cold-formed steel assemblies include roof trusses, panelized walls or floors, and other prefabricated structural assemblies. Cold-formed steel possesses a significant market share because of its advantages over other construction materials and the industry-wide support provided by various organizations that promote cold-formed steel research and products, including codes and standards development that is spearheaded by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI).

在建筑施工中，冷弯型钢产品可以分为三类:构件、面板和预制组件。典型的冷弯型钢构件，如螺柱、轨道、檩条、梁和角钢主要用于承载荷载，而面板和甲板构成有用的表面，如地板、屋顶和墙壁，除了抵抗平面内和平面外的表面荷载。预制冷弯型钢组件包括屋顶桁架、镶板墙或地板，以及其他预制结构组件。由于冷弯型钢相对于其他建筑材料的优势，以及由促进冷弯型钢研究和产品的各种组织提供的全行业支持，包括由美国钢铁协会(AISI)牵头的规范和标准开发，冷弯型钢占有重要的市场份额。

Cold-formed steel applications can be traced back as early as the 1850s in both the United States and Great Britain. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, cold formed steel entered the building construction arena with products manufactured by a handful of fabricators. Although these products were successful in performance, they faced difficulties with acceptance for two reasons: (1) there was no standard design methodology available, and (2) cold-formed steel was not included in the building codes at that time. Many of the cold-formed steel applications were unable to be used due to the lack of design methodology and product recognition.

在美国和英国，冷弯型钢的应用可以追溯到19世纪50年代。在20世纪20年代末和30年代初，冷弯型钢进入了建筑建筑领域，其产品由少数制造商生产。尽管这些产品在性能上是成功的，但由于两个原因，它们面临着难以接受的困难:(1)没有可用的标准设计方法，(2)当时冷弯型钢没有包括在建筑规范中。由于缺乏设计方法和产品认可，许多冷弯型钢应用程序无法使用。

Cold-formed steel products are shaped at ambient temperatures from steel sheet, strip plate or flat bars by roll-forming machines, press brakes or bending brake operations. They can be produced in large quantity and at high speed with consistent quality. A typical automated rolling machine can run at a speed range of 75-400 feet per minute, and the products can be as small as a three-quarter inch wide cold-rolled channel section to as big as a thirty-six inch wide roof deck section.

冷弯型钢产品是在环境温度下由钢板、带材或扁钢通过滚压成型机、压闸机或弯闸机操作成型的。它们可以大批量、高速度、高质量地生产。一台典型的自动卷板机可以以每分钟75-400英尺的速度运行，产品可以小到3 / 4英寸宽的冷轧槽段，大到36英寸宽的屋顶甲板段。

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