在上篇文章中提到了美国Brooklyn Navy Yard一家预制房屋公司，我找了另一篇关于这个公司的本地新闻

Inside the Brooklyn factory building stackable homes

“It’s pretty much Legos and Erector Sets,” says Full Stack Modular CEO Roger Krulak, who’s working to revolutionize the homebuilding industry.

“几乎都是乐高积木和拼装玩具，”Full Stack模块化公司首席执行官罗杰·库拉克(Roger Krulak)说。

A Full Stack Modular worker welds the steel frame of one of the company’s housing units.

一个全栈模块工人焊接钢框架的一个公司的住房单位。

A steel frame moves from workstation to workstation, first being outfitted with wall panels, then threaded with electrical wiring and plumbing, and finally mounted to a steel chassis to form one wall of a bathroom “pod.” This pod will then be slotted into a larger module comprising a bedroom and kitchen, and the full module will be stacked atop similar modules, forming a multi-level apartment building.

一个钢框架从一个工作站移动到另一个工作站，首先安装了墙板，然后安装了电线和管道，最后安装在一个钢底盘上，形成一面墙的浴室“隔间”。“这个单元将被嵌入一个更大的模块，包括卧室和厨房，整个模块将堆叠在类似的模块上，形成一个多层次的公寓大楼。”

This is what work is like inside Full Stack Modular, a 100,000-square-foot factory in the Brooklyn Navy Yard that builds modular housing — a form of construction where a structure is built in pieces (or modules) in a factory and then assembled at the construction site (also known as prefabricated housing).

这是什么工作就像在完整的堆栈模块,一个100000平方英尺的工厂在布鲁克林海军船坞,构建模块化的住房——一种建筑结构是建立在部分在工厂(或模块),然后聚集在建筑工地(也称为预制房屋)。

“It’s pretty much Legos and Erector Sets,” said CEO Roger Krulak, who founded Full Stack Modular in 2016. “It’s simpler and more effective than what we have now.”

该公司首席执行官罗杰·库拉克(Roger Krulak)在2016年创立了Full Stack模块化公司，他说:“几乎都是乐高积木和拼装玩具。”“它比我们现在的方法更简单、更有效。”

Krulak is a 35-year veteran of the building industry who launched Full Stack under the belief that the current system of construction is broken. Among the issues, Krulak says, is that architects, developers and contractors all have competing interests, which leads to projects going over budget and being completed late.

Krulak是一位有着35年建筑业经验的老手，他发起了Full Stack项目，相信当前的建筑体系已经崩溃。Krulak说，其中一个问题是，建筑师、开发商和承包商都有相互竞争的利益，这导致项目超出预算并延迟完工。

His solution? Make the construction process resemble manufacturing.

他的解决方案?使施工过程类似于制造。

“Pretty much everything in the world people use on a regular basis is manufactured, except buildings,” said Krulak. “We are just trying to steer this industry towards progress.”

库鲁拉克说:“世界上人们日常使用的几乎所有东西都是工厂化的，除了建筑物。”“我们只是试图引导这个行业走向进步。”

The exterior of an apartment module.

 (Photo by Matthew Speiser)

A steel frame. (Photo by Matthew Speiser)

Full Stack Modular approaches the construction of a building by creating an electronic production model of what is going to be built and all of the instructions on how to do it. Some processes can be automated while others require skilled workers. They then create an assembly line organized by efficiency, and use a team of trade associates to build the modules. Krulak says this process is safer, less wasteful and guarantees time and cost predictability.

全堆栈模块通过创建将要构建的电子产品模型和所有关于如何进行构建的说明来实现建筑物的构建。有些流程可以自动化，而有些则需要熟练工人。然后，他们按照效率组织一条装配线，并使用一个贸易伙伴团队来构建模块。Krulak说，这个过程更安全，浪费更少，并且保证了时间和成本的可预测性。

Advancements in technology have made this type of construction possible. Full Stack uses 3D modeling and a process known as metrology to assure they are building their structures to spec. Metrology, or the science of measurement, can be used to determine how something built in the factory will fit when it is arranged on-site.

技术的进步使这种类型的建筑成为可能。全栈使用三维建模和计量过程来确保他们的建设结构规格。计量，或科学的测量，可以用来确定如何在工厂建成的东西，当它被安排在现场。

“When you are constructing a 30-story building, the dimensional tolerances go way down because if your measurements are off you end up with the Leaning Tower of Pisa,” explained Krulak. “With metrology, you can see if the module is going to fit the way it is supposed to.”

Krulak解释说:“当你在建造一座30层的建筑时，尺寸公差会下降，因为如果你的测量值偏差，你最终会得到比萨斜塔。”“有了计量学，你就能知道模块是否符合预期。”

Krulak purchased Full Stack’s technology along with the factory that houses it from his former employer, real estate developer Forest City Ratner, in 2016. While still with Forest City Ratner, Krulak oversaw the construction of 461 Dean, a 32-story, 363-unit residential building next to Barclays Center that is considered to be the tallest building ever built via modular construction.

2016年，Krulak从他的前雇主、房地产开发商Forest City Ratner那里购买了Full Stack的技术和工厂。当他还在森林城拉特纳时，Krulak监督了461 Dean的建设，这是一座32层、363个单元的住宅建筑，紧邻巴克莱中心，被认为是有史以来最高的模块化建筑。钢框架固定在墙板上。

A steel frame is fashioned to a wall panel. 

(Photo by Matthew Speiser)

A modular bathroom pod is digitally designed. 

(Photo by Matthew Speiser)

Full Stack Modular is working on multiple residential housing projects in Manhattan and Brooklyn. The company is currently raising $12 million in Series B funding after closing a $6 million Series A in August of 2017. Krulak says the money will be used to expand Full Stack’s workforce from 40 to 140, and to improve their tech.

全栈模块化是工作在曼哈顿和布鲁克林的多个住宅项目。在2017年8月完成了600万美元的a轮融资后，该公司目前正在筹集1200万美元的B轮融资。Krulak说，这笔钱将用于将Full Stack的员工队伍从40人扩大到140人，并改善他们的技术。

The modular housing industry is expected to grow at an annual rate of 6 percent in the United States, and Krulak’s goal is to stay out in front of the competition as prefabrication gains wider market acceptance. Currently, Full Stack Modular is the only modular housing operation in New York City.

在美国，模块化房屋行业预计将以每年6%的速度增长，Krulak的目标是在预制构件获得更广泛的市场接受的同时，在竞争中保持领先。目前，全栈模块化是纽约市唯一的模块化房屋操作。

“We are on the bleeding edge,” Krulak said.

我们处在前沿

With a worldwide housing shortage approaching 1 billion, Krulak believes it is only a matter of time before modular goes mainstream.

随着全球住房短缺接近10亿，Krulak相信模块化成为主流只是一个时间问题。

“We can’t solve this problem with zero productivity gains,” said Krulak. “It doesn’t work in any other industry, and it’s not going work here.”

Krulak说:“我们不能在生产率没有提高的情况下解决这个问题。”“这在其他任何行业都行不通，在这里也行不通。”

Two modules combine to form a house and the accompanying roof.

(Photo by Matthew Speiser)

Interior of the first floor of a beach house module designed by Full Stack Modular. (Photo by Matthew Speiser)

Interior of an apartment module designed by Full Stack Modular. 

(Photo by Matthew Speiser)